Ponhea Yat
| Borom Reachea I បរមរាជាទី១ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg) | |||||
| King of Cambodia | |||||
| Reign | 1385 – 1432 | ||||
| Coronation | 1385 (First) 1388 (Second) | ||||
| Predecessor | Dhamma Reachea I | ||||
| Successor | Noreay Reamea | ||||
| Born | Yasodharapura, Cambodia | ||||
| Died | 1432 Chaktomuk, Cambodia | ||||
| Burial | |||||
| Issue | Noreay Reamea Srei Reachea Srei Soriyoatey Dhamma Reachea II | ||||
| |||||
| House | List of monarchs of Cambodia | ||||
| Father | Dhamma Reachea I | ||||
| Religion | Mahayana Buddhism & Hindu Devata | ||||
Borom Reachea I or Ponhea Yat (Khmer: បរមរាជាទី១), Was a ruler of the Khmer Empire from 1385 to 1432. He was the third son of Dhamma Reachea I when a Siamese army of 100,000 attacked the city of Angkor in 1385. Ponhea Yat fled to establish a fort at Tuol Basan for three years before he caused the army to attack, expelled the Siamese army from Angkor and held the second official coronation ceremony in Angkor in 1388. He was called "Preah Reach Angkar Preah Borom Reachea Chao Ponhea Yat" and finally decided to leave Angkor from then on.[1]
- Some Author writing said King Ponhea Yat Leaving Angkor city 1431 and Siam capture Angkor city is not true for Cambodia history from international historians By Journal asiatique (1871) original from Dutch record in 17th century.
Early life
[edit]Ponhea Yat, the third son of Dhamma Reachea I, succeeded his father and whose royal named is "Borom Reachea I". He had a royal wedding with his third wife, Bopha Devi, and birthed his first son Noreay Reamea. During the defeat of Siam by Ponhea Yat in Angkor, he took Sisangam, the wife of Siam Indra Rachha, to be his second wife and she had two sons, Srei Reachea and Srei Soriyoatey. While his third wife Butom Kesor had a son named Dhamma Reachea II, which would be his fourth son. All four of his sons succeeded to the throne, and these four sons divided the Khmer territory into three major parts to rule each other until the outbreak of civil war and also after Ponhea Yat died.[2]
Liberation of Angkor
[edit]After Ponhea Yat escaped from Angkor, he set up camp at Tuol Basan in Srey Santhor district, Kampong Cham province, for three years before sending 12 spies to disguise himself as a servant in the Angkor palace, where he stole and assassinated the King of Siam Indra Rachha at that time. Later, Ponhea Yat raised about 70,000 troops to liberate Angkor from Siamese hands, returning in 1388 and proclaiming a start of another of his reign, and titled himself with the royal name "Borom Reachea I". Seeing that all of the treasures in Angkor were collected by the Siamese, the rest of Angkor suffered a lot of damage, including the walls of the city, he had to spend a lot of money on repairs and to escape the Siamese threat to Angkor. He also decided to leave Angkor and the capital to Tuol Basan for 12 years and met with the flood crisis.
In 1400, he moved the capital from Tuol Basan to Chaktomuk (present-day Phnom Penh). He reigned at Chaktomuk for 16 years. He announced the change of reign to the Chaktomuk period in 1416, and he reigned at Chaktomuk until 1432 before his death, at that time the Royal Council and the Ministers Council also decided to invite Noreay Reamea, the eldest son, to succeed his father in 1433. In the monarchy of Ponhea Yat, the people lived in peace, and there were not many notable events of war.[3]
Policy
[edit]Ponhea Yat's diplomatic policy saw him establishing diplomatic ties with Ming China, especially by trade through the Mekong River to bring in goods to meet domestic demand, It can be said that Cambodia at that time also had a strong economy.[4]
Religion
[edit]During the growth of Mahayana Buddhism in his first reign, he built a series of pagodas, including: Wat Botum, Wat Koh, Wat Langka, Wat Unalom, and Wat Phnom. Pagodas of Buddhism are an important role in his reign, such as when the pagoda was used as a storehouse of knowledge, a library, and a museum of culture. Pagodas provided literacy, numeracy, and other education necessary for life. Pagodas are a shelter for poor students who cannot afford to study in large school districts. The pagoda is a shelter for orphans, the elderly, students and the children of the poor. Pagodas can also serve as a hospital for the treatment of mental illnesses and a meeting place for people of all walks of life. Without discrimination on the basis of color, nationality and status, the society would be without prejudice, between rich and poor, and of people of the opposite faith.[5][6]
Historiography
[edit]The records of some historians who record about Ponhea Yat or other Khmer kings often confuse the date with the three names of the Khmer kings, which are classified as follows: first, the name before the reign, second, the name when ascending the throne and third, the name after death. However, similar records of each period change of the Khmer monarchs were verified with the Cambodian national documents.
Royal family
[edit]| Borom Reachea I or Ponhea Yat | |||
| Bopha Devi | Sisa Ngam | Botum Kesor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Noreay Reamea |
Srei Reachea |
Dhamma Reachea II | |
| Noreay Reamea | Son |
|---|---|
| He was born in Tuol Basan during the Ponhea Yat uprising, preparing to expel the Siamese from Angkor city. | No record |
| Srei Reachea | Son |
|---|---|
| He was born in Tuol Basan during Ponhea Yat left Angkor city to live in Tuol Basan (1388-1397) | Ponhea Ang Dhamma Khat "Become Son Adoption of Siam King" |
| Srei Soriyoatey II | Son |
|---|---|
| He was born in Chaktomuk during Ponhea Yat leaving the capital Tuol Basan by floods (1400-1416) | No record |
| Dhamma Reachea II | Son |
|---|---|
| He was born in Chaktomuk during Ponhea Yat announced of Chaktomuk period (1410-1420) | Srei Sokunbot Chan Reachea |
References
[edit]- ^ Société Asiatique (1871) Journal asiatique: ou recueil de mémoires d'extraits et de notices relatifs à l'histoire, à la philosophie, aux sciences, à la littérature et aux langues des peuples orientaux, Volume 18, Publisher: Society, Original from the Bavarian State Library
- ^ Eng Soth, Lim Yan (1969) Document of the great Khmer man (Khmer royal genealogy), Publisher: Member of the Historical Committee Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport, OCLC Number: 1112074917
- ^ Société Asiatique (1871) Journal asiatique ou recueil de mémoires, d'extraits et de notices relatifs à l'histoire, à la philosophie, aux sciences, à la littérature et aux langues des peuples orientaux, Volume 99, Publisher: Dondey-Dupré, Original from National Library of the Netherlands
- ^ Justin Corfield (2009) The History of Cambodia The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations, Publisher: ABC-CLIO, American publishing company for academic p.165 ISBN: 0313357234, 9780313357237
- ^ Beverley Palmer, Rough Guides (Firm) (2002) The Rough Guide to Cambodia, Publisher: illustrated Rough Guides p.354 ISBN: 1858288371, 9781858288376
- ^ Michel Igout (1993) Phnom Penh Then and Now, Publisher: White Lotus, Original from the University of Michigan p.179 ISBN: 1879155184, 9781879155183